Installing Software on Linux

One of the most difficult things to get used to in the Linux world is installing new software packages. In the world of Windows, every program comes with  a Setup.exe program that asks you some very easy questions and takes care of the job for you. While Linux software can be almost that easy to install, you will  sometimes find software that seems to fight every step of the way. I can’t cover all the problems you might run into, but I’ll try to give you the basics and a few pointers to help get you over the rough spots.

Software tends to come in “packages”. In the Windows world a package is a Setup.exe or a program.zip file. On a Mac a package is a program.dmg or a program.sit file.In the Linux world, there are several kinds of packages, and each distribution has its own preferred package format.
The standard Linux package format (according to the Linux Standard Base) is RPM and DEB (Debian) software package.. RPM is a packaging system originally developed by Red Hat and widely used in the Linux community. Distributions using it include Fedora, Mandriva, Red Hat and SUSE.

Note : Remember, you will need to become SuperUser to install software.

1. APT ( Debian, Ubuntu) ::

There is a broad array of tools for working with DEB packages, but the one you will commonly use is apt-get, is the easiest of Linux package management tools. apt-get is so easy because it not only keeps track of what packages are installed, but also what other packages are available. It will even download them from the Internet for you (if properly configured).

> To install software ;

apt-get install ${packagename}

> To remove software is just as easy.

apt-get remove ${packagename}

> To update the APT database:

apt-get update

> A common idiom is to update your package database, and then upgrade all the packages that have patches or security updates to install. The following command will do this all at once.

apt-get update; apt-get upgrade

2.  yum :(Fedora, Red Hat) ::

Like apt-get, yum can download and install packages from a configured repository.

> To install software ;

yum install ${packagename}

>To remove software is just as easy;

yum remove ${packagename}

> yum does not keep a local copy of your package database by default, so normally there is no need to update it. To install all available security patches and bug fixes, use this command:

You can also explicitly update a single package with:

yum update ${packagename}

;; I hope this is very use full to all.

DHCP Linux and Window Client configuration

 

Both Client configuration is very easy and straightforward.  Simply set “ip address to dynamic Assign by DHCP ” in the properties of lan card.

In Linux Client :

 type following command on Terminal

#setup

 select network configuration from menu list -> Select lan card and enter on ok -> Select USE DHCP and enter on ok  ->Finally click on quit.

Now restart the network service to obtain ip from dhcp server,

on Terminal Type  ” #service network restart ”  and press Enter.

Then Go on Terminal and check new ip address:

Open Terminal-type ifconfig /all and Press Enter.

You see all Such as IP address, Subnet mask, DNS Address and Default Gateway.

 

In Window Client : 

 Click on Start -> Select Network Connection ->  Right click on Local Area connection icon – > Select properties  -> then  select Internet protocol tcp/ip  -> click on properties button  ->  Mark on obtain ip address automatically -> click on Apply and finally click on Ok.

Then Go on command prompt and check new ip address:

Start -> Run -> Type CMD in box  -> type ” ipconfig /all ” and Press Enter.

You see all Such as IP address, Subnet mask, DNS Address and Default Gateway.

I hope helpful to all.

How to Configure Linux DHCP server step by step with Example

DHCP ( Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)  allows an administrator to configure network settings for all clients on a central server.

The DHCP clients request an IP address and other network settings from the DHCP server on the network. The DHCP server in turn leases the client an IP address within a given range or leases the client an IP address based on the MAC address of the client’s network interface card (NIC). The information includes its IP address, along with the network’s name server, gateway, and proxy addresses,including the netmask.

Nothing has to be configured manually on the local system, except to specify the DHCP server it should get its network configuration from. If an IP address is assigned according to the MAC address of the client’s NIC, the same IP address can be leased to the client every time the client requests one. DHCP makes network administration easier and less prone to error.

How to Configure Linux DHCP server step by step as:

Example :  Configure the DHCP server by matching the following conditions:

* Subnet and netmask should be 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0
* Gateway Should be 192.168.0.254
* DNS Sever Should be 192.168.0.254
* Domain Name should be example.com
* Range from 192.168.0.10-50

Step 1:   Check it,  if not found then  Download and Install the DHCP Package 

Step2 : Now check dhcpd service in system service it should be on.

#setup
Select System service from list
[*]dhcpd

Step 3 :   To assign IP to dhcp server

    DHCP server have a static a ip address. First configure the ip address 192.168.0.254 with netmask of 255.255.255.0 on server.

For this Run “setup”  command form root user

#setup

This will launch a new window-” select network configuration”

Now a new window will show you all available LAN card select your LAN card ( if you don’t see any LAN card here mean you don’t have install driver)

Assign IP in this box and click on ok, quit and again quit to come back on root prompt.

Restart the network service so new ip address can take place on LAN card

#service network restart

Step 4 : Main configuration file of dhcp server is dhcpd.conf.

This file located on /etc directory. If this file is not present there or you have corrupted this file, then copy new file first.

now open   /etc/dhcpd.conf

default entry in this file Displayed It Look like as:

In which make following change to configure dhcp server:

remove this line  # – – – default gateway

set option routers to
192.168.0.254
set option subnet-mask to
255.255.255.0
option nis domain to
example.com
option domain-name to
example.com
option domain-name-servers to
192.168.0.254
range dynamic-bootp to
192.168.0.10 192.168.0.50;

After change this file should look like this :

I Hope this is Helpful to all.

Note : Read next Post ” How to configuration  Linux Client and Window Client”.